1) Corruption
Political corruption is the most widely spread endemic in India, which must be handled quickly
and wisely. There is hardly any office, in both private and public sector, that is untouched from
this disease. There is no telling how much loss has the economy suffered because of this. Though
most of us are concerned, when the time comes to act, we, the people of India, are found lacking.
2) Basic Hygiene
Sanitation is yet another problem, but one of the biggest, in India. There are about 700 million
people who have no access to toilets at home. Slum areas do not have toilets. People are thus
forced to defecate in open, which causes numerous diseases like diarrhea, cholera, dehydration
etc. Many rural schools also have no toilets, because of which parents do not send their kids,
especially girls, to school. A growing population is the biggest challenge causing these problems.
For example, the sewage system in Delhi was designed to meet the needs of a population of three
million people. But Delhi now has more than 14 million of population. This is not just the case of
Delhi; every state and region in India is the same.
3) Education System
The education system of India is blamed every now and then for being too theoretical but not
practical and skill-based. Students study to score marks, not to gain knowledge. This so called modern education system was introduced by the colonial masters to create servants who could
serve but not lead and we still have the same education system.
4) Health Care System
It is true that world’s the most populous democratic country cannot provide proper health care
facilities to its entire population. India is becoming a hub for medical tourism but all these
facilities are not available to local residents, who are poor. Healthcare is a neglected issue in
India, as major attention drawers are agriculture, infrastructure and IT. Lack of resources in rural
India is a major concern of the day, leading to most of the problems. 50% of all villagers have no
access to healthcare providers, 10% of babies die within a year of their birth due to lack of
nutrition caused stunned growth in 50% of all the babies.
5) Pollution
Pollution and environmental issues are the other challenges that India is facing at present.
Though India is working hard, there is a long way to go. Degradation of land, depleting natural
resources and loss of biodiversity are the main issues of concern due to pollution. Untreated
sewerage is the major cause of water pollution. The Yamuna river is today one of the most
polluted rivers in India. Same is the condition of other rivers that pass through populated cities.
6) Illiteracy
The percentage of illiteracy in India is alarming. Every five persons among ten in India are
illiterate. The condition in villages is worse than in cities. Though a number of primary schools
have been set up in rural India, the problem persists. Also, providing education just to children
won’t solve the problem of illiteracy, as many adults in India are also untouched by education.
7) Woman Safety
Both men and women enjoy equal opportunities, but as far as freedom and safety of women is
concerned, India lags behind. Issues like domestic violence, rape cases, portrayal of women in
media etc., must be tackled immediately.
8) Infrastructure Facilities
India needs to work swiftly on its infrastructure towards better roads and services like water,
sanitation etc.
9) Poverty
A third of the world’s poor live in India, and 37% of the total population in India lives below the
international poverty line. 42% of children under five years of age are underweight. Most of the
poor in India live in villages. Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand,
Orissa, Chhattisgarh and West Bengal have the poorest areas. High level of illiteracy, lack of
healthcare facilities and limited access to resources are some of the basic problems in poor areas.
10) Water Scarcity
India’s large population places a severe strain on its natural resources and most of its water
sources are contaminated by sewage and agricultural run-off. . Much of the run-off water goes
waste and the infiltration rate is also low. If this water can be harvested, not only the run-off
water can be stored, but subsoil water reserves can also become rich. While progress has been
made, gross disparities in access to safe water remain. The World Bank estimates that 21% of communicable diseases in India are related to unsafe water and diarrhea alone causes more than
1,600 deaths daily.
11) Transparency
The vast majority of Indians say transparency is their number one concern, according to polls
before the recent election, with figures peaking at over 90% among young voters. People are
right to be concerned. Transparency issues are not just a daily irritation, they are a drag on the
whole economy, hampering competitiveness, growth and development.
12) Religious Conflicts
India is characterized by more ethnic and religious groups than most other countries of the world.
Three ethnic or religious conflicts have stood out of late: two occurred in the states of "Assam
and Punjab; another, the more widely known Hindu-Muslim conflict, continues to persist. The
Assam problem is primarily ethnic, the Punjab problem is based on both religious and regional
conflicts, while the Hindu-Muslim problem is predominantly religious.
13) Lack of Employment and Opportunities
India may be the fastest growing major economy in the world but that may mean little to the
country’s 127 crore people, many of whom continue to struggle to find the right kind of jobs.
India’s unemployment rate stood at 5% in 2015-2016 compared to 3.8% in 2012-2013, according
to the fifth annual survey of employment-unemployment published by ministry of labour and
employment.
14) Urbanization
More than one-third of Indians live in cities. It is estimated that, by 2050, as many as 900 million
people will be living in urban centres. Meeting their needs while safeguarding the environment
will require innovative models of urban development.
15) Terrorism
Terrorism in India, according to the Home Ministry, poses a significant threat to the people of
India. Compared to other countries, India faces a wide range of terror groups.
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